Average local salary is $ 240 per month, while expats get almost $5000 for doing the same or sometimes less amount of work. According to my Economics Studies Professor, the minimum monthly living wage in Kazakhstan is $28 (approximately 1/8 of the average local salary at ACCELS). It is understandable that in the US the minimum living wage is much higher; it is $824 per month. If you compare it to the salaries of the local staff and the expat staff, you can say that local staff gets more money, according to the Minimum Living wages of their countries of origin. But why should expats live and be paid according to their country and not to the country where they currently live and work? While living in Kazakhstan they are not exposed to American prices at the stores, restaurants or anywhere else. More disturbing facts of discrimination could be found if the case is examined deeper: local staff doesn?t get the medical insurance, their apartment rental is not covered, and more importantly, Kazakhstani staff pays taxes. Americans working for ACCELS or at any other NGO pay neither US nor Kazakhstan taxes; they as foreigners are being reimbursed for apartment rental, and they are all medically insured.
Ostensibly, Kazakstan citizens are being used as a cheap work force in the case discussed above, which is alarming. Why is it happening? What factors cause this problem? The problem is that the so called ?Kazakhstani mentality? is observed and considered as an ?obedient mentality?. Due to many historical facts such as Jungar and Mongolian invasions in the 12th -14th centuries and also Soviet Union decades of repressions (most of the Concentration Camps were located in Kazakhstan, and a lot of people were repatriated to that region in 1930-s). Though it was almost a century ago when the Republic lived under the threat, people are still very used to accepting things as they are and doing what they are told to do.
A lot of it is also based on the Central Asian culture, and on the respect to the ?older and stronger one?. Most of the locals consider themselves as inferior and do not do anything to stop being discriminated. Local employees give all the rights of decision-making to their expat bosses, and refuse to stand up for themselves in order to protect their rights.
It is not easy to find jobs for the people who are over 50 years old. There are people who threatened by unemployment. Local employees are afraid of voicing their opinions and questioning expat authorities on the matter of their positions and salaries. Most of the elderly professionals are ready to work for little amounts of money, just in order to have some job that will pay enough to feed their families.
Also the fact that locals are not protected by the laws or even worse, they don?t know the law that will protect them well enough, the law that will require certain obligations from the foreign NGOs that they work for. All these facts are not helping the decrease of the discrimination.
This topic is a very hot issue currently in Kazakhstan. The parliament is reviewing the laws about the foreign NGOs, and there are some amendments to be made by July 18. The law would allow the financing of foreign NGOs only with government approval. NGOs would be required to inform the authorities about the amount of such financing and how the money is intended to be spent on local and foreign salaries, and how the taxation process will be fulfilled. Tax inspectors would have the right to seize banking information to obtain data on NGO funding.
There is a hope that in the close future the discrimination of local staff at foreign NGOs will decrease. But at the same time it doesn?t matter how many laws or amendments could be made in parliament, they wouldn?t have an impact if the people, the local employees themselves won?t start caring for their status at their work places. If their mentality wouldn?t change from ??expats are better than we are?? there is no progress to happen. But the young generation of the professionals are the ones to bring changes, their new ways of thinking and approach to the matter will decrease the level of discrimination at NGOs.